Regents Thematic Study Chart (Revolution/Change)

Revolution	Description	Significance
Neolithic	Formation of permanent settlements Domestication of animals Shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture	establishment of social classes                  rise of civilizations:            government          religion            record keeping
Agricultural Or Agrarian	Improvement in farming methods Crop rotation, fertilizer, and seed drill	Population explosion                           Need for more goods Better food production                        Leads to Industrial Revolution
French	3rd estate seeks political equality Revolt against Louis XVI (absolutism) Influenced by Enlightenment ideas Declaration of the Rights of Man	Nationalism spreads throughout Europe Desire for liberty from Absolutism growing Middle Class
Latin American	Colonies Revolt against Spain Motivated by nationalism and the French Revolution	200 years of problems: revolutions, military coups, and foreign control Political instability Social and economic problems
Industrial	England: Agricultural Revolution leads to---population growth Factors of production, capitalism Mass production, technology and the middle class	Mass Production                                          Big Business    Urbanization                                    Imperialism Laissez-Faire Economics: Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations Unions and government regulation
Bolshevik	Overthrow of Czar Nicholas II Lenin: Political revolution- “Peace, Land, and bread” New Economic Policy Inspired by Marx Formation of the U.S.S.R.	End of absolutism in Russia Lead to totalitarian under Stalin Model for communist states failed to provide a government of equal rights and participation
Scientific	Question old scientific theories Prove ideas through experimentation Copernicus, Newton, and Galileo	New technologies, and natural Laws changing the way people thought about the universe Scientific Method: discoveries in medicine, physics, and biology
Glorious	Bloodless revolution William and Mary v. James II in England James II runs away	Constitutional Monarchy and English Bill of Rights king or queen would now be only a symbol for the country supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy
Green	Use of science and technology to increase food supply Irrigation, fertilizer and machinery	Help food preservation, but poorer nation cannot afford new technology

Regents Thematic Review: Revolutions/Change

Turning Point	Description	Historical Significance
Hellenistic Age Alexander the Great	A blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and many other cultures that gave rise to advancements in math, science, art, and literature.	Government: democracy as a form of government Philosophy: used observation and reason to study the world around them Literature: in the form of plays developed for religious ceremonies Architecture: buildings around the world today use Greek architectural ideas.
Pax Romana Augustus Ceasar	200 year long peace, a time of cultural and intellectual achievements for Rome	Law: Laws of the Twelve Tables. Art & Architecture: a blending of Greek and Roman elements Engineering: roads, harbors, and bridges and aqueducts Cultural diffusion
Pax Mongolia Genghis Kahn	Political stability and economic growth Provide safe passage on the Silk Road Marco Polo: Italian Explorer	Cultural diffusion trade route/ link China to the Middle East Movement of goods between East and West New Technology
Crusades	Western Europe under the sway of the Catholic Church, attempted to retake the Holy Land away from the Muslims.	Rise of nation-states and absolute monarchs Cultural diffusion New ideas and trade goods flowed between the two areas
Protestant Reformation Martin Luther and John Calvin	a protest against perceived wrong doings by the Catholic Church.	Sale of indulgences: letters of forgiveness for one's sins. 95 Theses: Luther wrote 95 arguments against the sale of indulgences Europe is divided religiously strong monarchs fill the leadership void weakened Catholic Church.
Exploration	Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China and India. Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans.	Access to new and better foods European population grew Cultural diffusion disease brought by the Europeans, or by colonization.  Slavery became the dominant labor force in the Americas.
Enlightenment	Attempted to explain the purpose of government, and describe the best form of it.  Thinkers: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau.	stimulate people's sense of individualism, Basic belief in equal rights.  Led to the… Glorious Revolution in Britain French Revolution Latin American Revolutions